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Study Says Humans Only Have Four Basic Emotions
A recent study from researchers at the University of Glasgow has shown that humans only have four basic emotions that can be signified by facial expressions, rather than the six that previous scientific studies had identified. They narrowed the list down to include happy, sad, afraid or surprised, and finally angry or disgusted.
For the study, subjects were asked to look at facial expressions that were computer generated and identify the emotions being displayed from the accepted range of six.
The results of the study show that the initial facial expressions for fear and surprise were so similar that the distinction must be based on a socially conditioned response rather than biological evolution.
The same conclusion was reached for anger and disgust: the facial expression is the same, and other complex signals that differentiate between the two are social functions rather than inherited.
Evolutionary explanationsbehind one of the facial expressions says that widening our eyes in response to fear or surprise happens so that we can take in more visual information to assess the possibly approaching danger.
Find the definitions of the words, please.
|
1. researcher 2. disgusted 3. accept 4. initial 5. distinction 6. socially conditioned 7. response 8. conclusion 9. inherit 10.assess 11.approach
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a) to get closer b) to feel extreme dislike c) the decision you make after considering a lot of things d) the beginning of something e) making a difference f) to decide the importance of something g) The person who studies something in depth, especially to discover something new h) something people learnt through life i) reaction j) to agree to take something k) the characteristics we are born with and we got from our relatives |
Key:
1. g
2. b
3. j
4. d
5. e
6. h
7. i
8. c
9. k
10. f
11. a
Vocabulary
|
researcher |
kutató |
|
basic emotion |
alapvető érzelem |
|
facial expression |
arckifejezés |
|
to narrow sg down |
leszűkít valamit |
|
to be disgusted |
undorodni valamitől |
|
computer generated |
számítógép által előállított |
|
to accept |
elfogad |
|
initial |
kezdeti |
|
distinction |
megkülönböztetés |
|
socially conditioned |
társadalmilag megszokott, megtanult |
|
response |
válasz, reakció |
|
conclusion |
összefoglalás, itt: következtetés |
|
to inherit |
örököl |
|
evolutionary explanation |
evolúciós magyarázat |
|
to widen |
szélesít |
|
to assess |
megállapít, felbecsül |
|
to approach |
közelít |
